Numerical Analysis of Cross-polar Optic Coherent Tomography Images in Functional Diagnostics of Intestinal Diseases by the Condition of Oral Soft Tissues

The aim of the investigation is to assess the effectiveness of using numerical analysis of orthogonal images of cross-polar optic coherent tomography (CP OCT) to increase the diagnostic accuracy of the technique in noninvasive functional diagnostics of Crohn’s diseases (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Materials and Methods. By means of CP OCT there have been examined 33 patients with intestinal inflammatory diseases and oral inflammations: CD, UC, lichen ruber planus of oral cavity and aphthous stomatitis. The control group consisted of 11 people without intestinal and oral inflammatory diseases. The CP OCT-images obtained have been numerically analyzed. Buccal mucous collagen from the area of CP OCT-scanning has been assessed histologically by fluorescence in polarized light in picrosirius red staining. The comparison of the intensity of yellow-red fluorescence on histologic specimens and the OCT-signal intensity in an orthogonal image has shown their close agreement. Numerical analysis of CP OCT-images has been used as an additional tool for their visual assessment. There has been made numerical analysis of average signal intensity from submucosal level of buccal mucosa in orthogonal CP OCT-images. In Crohn’s disease average OCT-signal intensity has been stated to be significantly higher (p<0.01) than in ulcerative colitis, and the signal intensity of 7.5 dB (within the range of 7.0–8.0 dB) — to provide maximum diagnostic efficiency of CP OCT in CD and UC differential diagnosis, the test-sensitivity of CP OCT amounting to 0.72, specificity — 0.89, diagnostic accuracy — 0.78, predictive validity of a positive test — 0.93, and predictive validity of a negative test — 0.62.

Conclusion. An average OCT-signal intensity of 7.5 dB in an orthogonal image (within the range of 7.0–8.0 dB) with high diagnostic accuracy can serve as an objective noninvasive differential diagnostic criterion of CD and UC.

1. Fomina J.V., Gladkova N.D., Snopova L.B. et al. In vivo OCT study of neoplastic alterations of the oral cavity mucosa. In: Proceedings of SPIE. Coherence domain optical methods and optical coherence tomography in biomedicine VIII. Photonics West. San Jose: California; 2004; Vol. 5316; p. 41–47.
2. Wilder-Smith P., Krasieva T., Jung W.G. et al. Noninvasive imaging of oral premalignancy and malignancy. J Biomed Opt 2005; 10(5): 51601.
3. Matheny E.S., Hanna N.M., Jung W.G. et al. Optical coherence tomography of malignancy in hamster cheek pouches. J Biomed Opt 2004; 9(5): 978–981.
4. Fomina Yu.V., Gladkova N.D., Maslennikova A.V. et al. Opticheskaya kogerentnaya tomografiya v stomatologii. V kn.: Rukovodstvo po opticheskoy kogerentnoy tomografii [Optic coherence tomography in dentistry. In: Optic coherence tomography guide]. Pod red. N.D. Gladkovoy, N.M. Shakhovoy, A.M. Sergeeva [N.D. Gladkova, N.M. Shakhova, A.M. Sergeev (editors)]. Moscow: Fizmatlit, Meditsinskaya kniga; 2007; p. 203–246.
5. Gladkova N.D., Fomina J.V., Shakhov A.V. et al. Optical coherence tomography as a visualization method for oral and laryngeal cancer. A.K. Varma, P. Reade (editors). Oral Oncology 2003; p. 272–281.
6. Wilder-Smith P., Lee K., Guo S. et al. In vivo diagnosis of oral dysplasia and malignancy using optical coherence tomography: preliminary studies in 50 patients. Lasers Surg Med 2009; 41(5): 353–357.
7. Gladkova N.D., Gelikonov V.M., Kiseleva E.B. et al. Nizegor Med Z 2008; 4: 68–80.
8. Strel’tsova O.S., Gladkova N.D., Kiseleva E.B. et al. Onkourologia 2010; 3: 25–32.
9. Gladkova N.D., Streltsova O.S., Zagaynova E.V. et al. Cross polarization optical coherence tomography for early bladder cancer detection: statistical study. J Biophotonics 2010 (on line).
10. Schmitt J.M., Xiang S.H. Cross-polarized backscatter in optical coherence tomography of biological tissue. Opt Lett 1998 July 1; 23(13): 1060–1062.
11. Gelikonov V.M., Gelikonov G.V. New approach to cross-polarized optical coherence tomo-graphy based on orthogonal arbitrarily polarized modes. Laser Phys Lett 2006; 3(9): 445–451.
12. Kuranov R.V., Sapozhnikova V.V., Shakhova N.M. et al. Combined application of optical methods to increase the information content of optical coherent tomography in diagnostics of neoplastic processes. Quantum Electronics 2002; 32(11): 993–998.
13. Gladkova N.D., Fomina Yu.V., Muraev A.A. et al. Institut stomatologii 2010; 4: 50–51.
14. Gladkova N.D., Tsimbalistov A.V., Fomina Yu.V. et al. Institut stomatologii 2011; 1: 32–34.
15. Sklar J., Sklar M. The First Year. Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis: an essential guide for the newly diagnosed. New York: Marlowe & Company; 2002; 294 p.
16. Zonderman J., Vender R. Understanding Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. University Press of Mississippi; 2000; 116 p.
17. Bricker S.L., Landlais R.P., Miller C.S. Oral diagnosis, oral medicine and treatment planning. Hamilton, Ontario, L&N: BC Decker Inc; 2001; 854 p.
18. Graham M.F., Diegelmann R.F., Elson C.O. et al. Collagen content and types in the intestinal strictures of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterology 1988; 2(94): 257–265.
19. Stumpf M., Krones C.J., Klinge U. et al. Collagen in colon disease. Hernia 2006; 10(6): 498–501.
20. Junqueira L.C., Bignolas G., Brentani R.R. Picrosirius staining plus polarization microscopy, a specific method for collagen detection. J Histochem 1979; 11: 447–455.
21. Lee C.-K., Tsai M.-T., Yang C.C. et al. Diagnosis of oral submucous fibrosis with optical coherence tomography. J Biomed Opt 2009; 14: 054008.
22. Pierce M.C., Sheridan R.L., Hyle Park B. et al. Collagen denaturation can be quantified in burned human skin using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Burns 2004 Sep; 30(6): 511–517.
23. de Boer J.F., Srinivas S.M., Nelson J.S. et al. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. In: B.E. Bouma, G.J. Tearney (editors). Handbook of optical coherence tomography. New York, Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2002; p. 237–274.
24. Jiao S.L., Yu W.R., Stoica G. et al. Contrast mechanisms in polarization-sensitive Mueller-matrix optical coherence tomography and application in burn imaging. App Opt 2003 Sep 1; 42(25): 5191–5197.
25. Xie T., Guo S., Zhang J. et al. Determination of characteristics of degenerative joint disease using optical coherence tomography and polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2006 Sep 22; 38(9): 852–865.
26. Liu B., Harman M., Giattina S. et al. Characterizing of tissue microstructure with single-detector polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Appl Opt 2006 Jun 20; 45(18): 4464–4479.
27. Drexler W., Stamper D.L., Jesser C.A. et al. Correlation of collagen organization with polarization sensitive imaging of in vitro cartilage: implications for osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol 2001; 28(6): 1311–1318.
28. Gelikonov G.V., Gelikonov V.M., Kuranov R.V. et al. Razvitie opticheskoy kogerentnoy tomografii: polyarizatsionnye metody opticheskoy kogerentnoy tomografii. Opticheskaya kogerentnaya mikroskopiya. V kn.: Rukovodstvo po opticheskoy kogerentnoy tomografii [Optic coherence tomography development: polarization techniques of optic coherence tomography. Optic coherence microscopy. In: Optic coherence tomography guide]. Pod red. N.D. Gladkovoy, N.M. Shakhovoy, A.M. Sergeeva [N.D. Gladkova, N.M. Shakhova, A.M. Sergeev (editors)]. Moscow: Fizmatlit, Meditsinskaya kniga; 2007; 264–285.
29. Feldchtein F.I., Gelikonov G.V., Gelikonov V.M. et al. In vivo OCT imaging of hard and soft tissue of the oral cavity. Opt Express 1998; 3(6): 239–250.
30. Belinson S.E., Ledford K., Wulan N. et al. Epithelial brightness by optical coherence tomography distinguishes grades or dysplasia. P-03.31. In: Abstracts of the 25th International papillomavirus conference. 2009. Malmo, Sweden; May 8–14 2009; 18 p.
31. Balalaeva I.V., Gladkova N.D., Maslennikova A.V. et al. Chislennyy analiz izobrazheniy, poluchennykh metodom OKT, u patsientov s luchevym mukozitom. V kn.: Sbornik nauchnykh trudov Nevskogo radiologicheskogo foruma [Numerical analysis of OCT images in patients with radiation mucositis. In: Collection of scientific papers of Nevsky radiological forum]. Saint Petersburg; 2007; p. 727–728.
32. Gladkova N.D., Maslennikova A.V., Balalaeva I.V. et al. Application of optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer during a course of radio(chemo) therapy. Medical Laser Application 2008; 23: 186–195.

Kiselyova Е.B., Robakadze N.S., Gladkova N.D., Balalaeva I.V., Karabut М.М. Numerical Analysis of Cross-polar Optic Coherent Tomography Images in Functional Diagnostics of Intestinal Diseases by the Condition of Oral Soft Tissues. Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 2011; (4): 32