The Role of Smoking-Induced Alterations of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecules in the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

The aim of the investigation was to study the alterations in the serum level of soluble intercellular adhesion molecules (sICAM) under the influence of smoking and to assess the role of the revealed impairment in the formation and development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Materials and Methods. The study included 82 smokers (24 women and 58 men aged 19 to 72 years) and 52 healthy non-smoking donors (17 women and 35 men aged 20 to 57 years). The smokers were divided into the following groups: 1) smokers with normal lung function (mean smoking index of 11.2±4.3 pack-years) — 32 patients; 2) smokers with airflow limitation (COPD patients) with smoking index of <30 pack-years — 17 patients; 3) smokers having airflow limitation (COPD patients) with smoking index of ≥30 pack-years — 33 patients. The subjects underwent clinical examination, CAT test, assessment of dyspnea (mMRC) and smoking index (pack-years), pulmonary function test (PFT), chest radiography, microscopic and microbiological examination of sputum. The serum level of soluble intercellular adhesion antigens sICAM-3 (sCD50) total and sICAM-1 (sCD54) total and oligomer were determined by enzyme immunoassay.

Results. The smokers of group 1 were found to have elevated levels of sCD54 antigens (oligomer and total) and sCD50 compared to non-smoking donors, which may reflect a stimulatory effect of tobacco smoke on cell migration into the inflammation focus. Total sCD54 antigen was higher in smoking COPD patients of group 2 than that of the donor group. There was a decrease in all tested molecules in heavy smokers, COPD patients (group 3), compared to both the control and group 2. There was found a negative correlation between the serum level of sCD50 and smoking index as well as a positive correlation between the level of total sCD54 and PFT parameters. Smoking intensity affected COPD progression. In group 3 the patients had higher mMRC dyspnea index and СAT test score; they had more exacerbations during a year, more frequent application of systemic corticosteroids and antibiotics than the patients in other groups.

Conclusion. The revealed smoking-induced alterations in the network of soluble intercellular adhesion molecules contribute to the formation and progression of obstructive disorders and chronic inflammation in COPD. Low level of soluble adhesion molecules is a marker of severe COPD with frequent exacerbations.

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Makarova E.V. The Role of Smoking-Induced Alterations of Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecules in the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 2015; 7(4): 105, https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2015.7.4.14