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Современные методы визуализации стволовых клеток in vivo (обзор)

Современные методы визуализации стволовых клеток in vivo (обзор)

А.В. Мелешина, Е.И. Черкасова, М.В. Ширманова, А.А. Храпичев, В.В. Дуденкова, Е.В. Загайнова
Ключевые слова: стволовые клетки; флюоресцентный имиджинг; биолюминесцентный имиджинг; оптическая когерентная томография; магнитно-резонансная томография; однофотонная эмиссионная компьютерная томография; позитронно-эмиссионная томография; фотоакустический имиджинг.
2015, том 7, номер 4, стр. 174.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2015.7.4.24

Полный текст статьи

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Применение существующих и разработка новых методов визуализации in vivo определенных групп клеток для задач клеточной регенеративной медицины — перспективное направление современных биомедицинских исследований. Прижизненный биоимиджинг традиционно используется для изучения направления миграции, пролиферации и дифференцировки стволовых клеток в условиях эксперимента и клиники. В настоящее время разработаны методы для визуализации клеток и их структур in vivo с широким выбором показателей чувствительности, разрешения и специфичности, что позволяет подобрать оптимальные условия для проведения исследования. Разнообразие подходов дает возможность осуществлять анатомические, физиологические, фармакологические и молекулярные исследования, причем в некоторых случаях методы могут быть удачно скомбинированы. В настоящее время системы визуализации in vivo продолжают активно совершенствоваться: появляются еще более чувствительные приборы, создаются новые молекулярные метки и стратегии внедрения их в клетку.

В обзоре проведен сравнительный анализ основных существующих методов мониторинга и мечения стволовых клеток и их возможностей в решении экспериментальных и клинических задач, дана оценка их преимуществ и недостатков.

Рассмотрены основные группы методов визуализации, применяемые для прижизненного наблюдения за миграцией клеток: оптические (биолюминесцентные и флюоресцентные, оптическая когерентная томография), неоптические (магнитно-резонансные и радионуклидные), гибридные (фотоакустические) и методы мультимодального имиджинга.

Охарактеризованы особенности методов: чувствительность, разрешение, специфичность, глубина проникновения в ткани. Приведены примеры использования методов прижизненного имиджинга для изучения миграции стволовых клеток различного происхождения в разных моделях. Описаны основные группы контрастирующих агентов, применяемых для повышения контрастности, чувствительности и специфичности методов имиджинга.

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