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Роль глиального нейротрофического фактора в функционировании нервной системы (обзор)

Роль глиального нейротрофического фактора в функционировании нервной системы (обзор)

Т.В. Шишкина, М.В. Ведунова, Т.А. Мищенко, И.В. Мухина
Ключевые слова: глиальный нейротрофический фактор; GDNF; корецепторы; GFRα; рецептор с тирозинкиназной активностью Ret.
2015, том 7, номер 4, стр. 211.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2015.7.4.27

Полный текст статьи

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Глиальный нейротрофический фактор (GDNF) — один из наиболее важных факторов выживания нейронов, способствующий дифференцировке и поддержанию различных популяций клеток центральной и периферической нервной системы. В отличие от многих других нейротрофических факторов GDNF не связывается со своим рецептором напрямую, для реализации его биологических функций необходимо присутствие корецептора, играющего роль посредника при взаимодействии с GDNF-рецептором. В качестве основного рецептора для GDNF выступает рецептор с тирозинкиназной активностью Ret, запускающий под действием GDNF последующий внутриклеточный молекулярный каскад.

Особый интерес исследователей к данному нейротрофическому фактору вызван тем, что среди других нейротрофических факторов GDNF обладает мощным нейропротективным эффектом. В связи с этим в последние годы идет активное изучение этого фактора как возможного корректора при различных нарушениях работы нервной системы, в том числе при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях.

В обзоре собрана основная информация о молекулярном строении GDNF и его рецепторов, рассмотрены механизмы реализации основных функций нейротрофического фактора, начиная с образования активного рецепторного комплекса, последующего запуска внутриклеточных сигнальных каскадов и проявления соответствующего клеточного ответа. Приведены данные публикаций, указывающие на возможность влияния GDNF на синаптогенез.

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