Аллергические реакции на лекарственные средства: современные представления (обзор)

Лекарственной аллергией страдает более 7% населения. Известны случаи развития тяжелых угрожающих жизни аллергических реакций. В обзоре представлены современные взгляды на механизмы развития лекарственной иммунной гиперчувствительности, описаны основные клинические формы и существующие методы диагностики лекарственной аллергии. Специфическая диагностика лекарственной аллергии проводится с использованием тестов in vivo (прик-тесты, внутрикожное тестирование, патч-тесты, провокационные тесты) и in vitro (определение специфических IgE к лекарственным средствам, тесты активации базофилов, реакции бласттранс­формации лейкоцитов, количественное определение цитокинов и других белков, например гранзима и триптазы в периферической крови). Однако не все эти методы доступны в реальной клинической практике, перечень коммерческих наборов для диагностики лекарственной аллергии ограничен. Именно поэтому при ведении пациентов важно опираться на данные анамнеза и общеклинического обследования, учитывать имеющиеся сведения об ассоциации лекарственной аллергии и инфицирования вирусами группы герпеса, особенно в детской популяции, о наличии наследственной предрасположенности к формированию некоторых форм лекарственной аллергии.

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