Сегодня: 22.12.2024
RU / EN
Последнее обновление: 30.10.2024

Оптогенетика: перспективы в области биомедицинских исследований (обзор)

P. Bregestovski, М. Мухтаров

Ключевые слова: оптогенетика; генетически кодируемые сенсоры; резонансная передача энергии по Фёрстеру; светочувствительные лиганды; родопсины; оптогенетическая нейромодуляция; оптогенетическая терапия.

Оптогенетические молекулы, фотохромные переключатели и генетически кодируемые биосенсоры произвели революцию в современных исследованиях функций нервной системы и других клеток биологических организмов. Эти подходы обеспечили беспрецедентные возможности для регистрации активности и дистанционной модуляции функций специфических нейронов и буквально пролили свет на механизмы функционирования нейронных сетей мозга.

В настоящее время используются разные классы светочувствительных биосенсоров для неинвазивного анализа концентраций внутриклеточных ионов и активности ферментов. Разнообразие этих молекулярных конструкций быстро возрастает и расширяются сферы их использования для визуализации и анализа белков и функций клеток. В этом обзоре обсуждаются инструментальные подходы, обеспечивающие дистанционный анализ активности рецепторов, ионных каналов и синаптических сетей, а также перспективы использования оптогенетических методов для биомедицинских исследований.



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