Оптогенетика: перспективы в области биомедицинских исследований (обзор)
Оптогенетические молекулы, фотохромные переключатели и генетически кодируемые биосенсоры произвели революцию в современных исследованиях функций нервной системы и других клеток биологических организмов. Эти подходы обеспечили беспрецедентные возможности для регистрации активности и дистанционной модуляции функций специфических нейронов и буквально пролили свет на механизмы функционирования нейронных сетей мозга.
В настоящее время используются разные классы светочувствительных биосенсоров для неинвазивного анализа концентраций внутриклеточных ионов и активности ферментов. Разнообразие этих молекулярных конструкций быстро возрастает и расширяются сферы их использования для визуализации и анализа белков и функций клеток. В этом обзоре обсуждаются инструментальные подходы, обеспечивающие дистанционный анализ активности рецепторов, ионных каналов и синаптических сетей, а также перспективы использования оптогенетических методов для биомедицинских исследований.
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