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Роботизированные и механотерапевтические технологии для восстановления функции верхних конечностей: перспективы развития (обзор)

Л.А. Черникова, Н.А. Супонева, А.С. Клочков, А.Е. Хижникова, Р.Х. Люкманов, Е.В. Гнедовская, Д.С. Янкевич, М.А. Пирадов

Ключевые слова: роботизированные технологии; реабилитация при инсульте; экзоскелет; мозг–компьютер интерфейс; механотерапия.​

Проведен анализ достоинств и недостатков роботизированных и механотерапевтических технологий, применяющихся в ре­абилитации верхних конечностей. Роботизированные и механотерапевтические устройства, начав свое распространение как простейшие контроллеры и системы антигравитационной разгрузки руки при кинезотерапии, в дальнейшем показали свой потенциал в качестве комплексов, обеспечивающих полноценное двигательное обучение целенаправленным движениям благодаря максимальному соответствию анатомическим и биомеханическим особенностям руки. Интеграция функциональной нервно-мышечной электростимуляции с роботизированными и механотерапевтическими технологиями значительно расширяет возможности реабилитационных и ассистирующих роботов, а появление носимых и стационарных экзоскелетов приведет к созданию принципиально новых устройств, находящихся на стыке реабилитационных и ассистирующих технологий. В настоящее время уже идет работа над прототипом роботизированных ассистивных и реабилитационных устройств, управляемых с помощью интерфейса мозг–компьютер.



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