Сиалоспецифичные лектины как возможные патофизиологические мишени терапии хронических бронхолегочных заболеваний (обзор)

Статья посвящена проблеме поиска патофизиологических мишеней для оптимизации терапии распространенных и социально-значимых хронических заболеваний органов дыхания — бронхиальной астмы (БА) и хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ). Характер воспаления при данных заболеваниях определяется балансом между провоспалительными и противовоспалительными механизмами. К регуляторам уровня воспаления относятся сиглеки (siglecs) — сиалоспецифичные лектины с иммуноглобулинподобной структурой, которые могут взаимодействовать с терминальной сиаловой кислотой, присутствующей во всех клетках. Сиглеки участвуют в регуляции пролиферации, дифференциации, апоптозе клеток и осуществлении межклеточных взаимодействий. Ключевая роль в модуляции регуляторной активности сиглеков заключается в их способности связываться с лигандами.

Структура и биологическая функция сиглеков в организме только начинают изучаться, однако перспективы данных исследований многообещающие, особенно в отношении терапии БА и ХОБЛ. Сиглеки экспрессируются преимущественно иммунными клетками и клетками периферической крови. В реализации патофизиологических механизмов БА и ХОБЛ задействованы эозинофилы, тучные клетки, нейтрофилы и макрофаги. Сиглеки, экспрессируемые на них, играют определенную роль в степени выраженности повреждения тканей, обусловленного влиянием данных клеток, и поэтому могут быть привлекательными мишенями для лечения хронических воспалительных заболеваний органов дыхания.

В патогенезе БА активно изучаются экспрессируемые на эозинофилах молекулы Siglec-8 и Siglec-10. Однако с учетом важной роли в этом не только эозинофилов, но и других клеток перспективным является и исследование Siglec-3, Siglec-5, Siglec-6 и Siglec-14, экспрессируемых на тучных клетках и базофилах. В патогенезе ХОБЛ внимание уделяется Siglec-3, Siglec-9 и Siglec-5/14. Применение антител против недавно описанного Siglec-15 может быть значимым в терапии остеопороза, часто сопутствующего ХОБЛ.

Рассмотрена роль сиглеков в качестве возможных регуляторов воспаления у больных с хроническими бронхолегочными патологиями.

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Kytikova O.Yu., Gvozdenko T.A., Antonyuk M.V., Novgorodtseva T.P. Sialic Acid-Binding Lectins as Potential Pathophysiological Targets in Treatment of Chronic Bronchopulmonary Diseases (Review). Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 2019; 11(4): 151, https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2019.11.4.18