Тестирование лекарственной чувствительности опухолей пациентов: современные подходы (обзор)

И.Н. Дружкова, М.В. Ширманова, Д.С. Кузнецова, М.М. Лукина, Е.В. Загайнова

Ключевые слова: лекарственная терапия рака; индивидуализация лечения рака; подбор противоопухолевой терапии; молекулярно-генетический анализ опухолей; тестирование препаратов in vitro.

2020, том 12, номер 4, стр. 91.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2020.12.4.11

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Лекарственная терапия по-прежнему остается одним из основных методов лечения рака различной этиологии, однако серьезной проблемой, ограничивающей ее эффективность, является устойчивость опухолей к действию препаратов. Для современной фундаментальной и клинической онкологии очевидна необходимость индивидуального подхода к лечению рака и учета биологических свойств опухоли при назначении препаратов химио- и таргетной терапии. Oдна из главных стратегий для повышения эффективности противоопухолевой терапии — разработка предиктивных тестов, которые позволяют оценить чувствительность конкретной опухоли к конкретному препарату или комбинации еще до начала лечения и таким образом делают возможным индивидуальный подбор терапии.

В представленном обзоре рассмотрены основные подходы к оценке лекарственной чувствительности опухолей пациентов: молекулярно-генетическое профилирование опухолевых клеток и прямое тестирование эффективности препаратов на опухолевых клетках, выделенных из операционного или биопсийного материала. Проанализированы ключевые направления научных и клинических исследований в этой области, такие как поиск предиктивных молекулярных маркеров эффективности терапии; разработка способов поддержания опухолевых клеток или срезов в жизнеспособном состоянии в условиях, максимально приближенных к физиологическим; разработка высокопроизводительных систем оценки эффективности терапии. Отдельное внимание уделено реализации индивидуального подхода в лекарственном лечении колоректального рака.

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