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Молекулярные механизмы аберрантной нейропластичности при заболеваниях аутистического спектра (обзор)

Молекулярные механизмы аберрантной нейропластичности при заболеваниях аутистического спектра (обзор)

А.А. Анашкина, Е.И. Ерлыкина
Ключевые слова: расстройства аутистического спектра; аберрантная нейропластичность; глутаматная эксайтотоксичность.
2021, том 13, номер 1, стр. 78.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2021.13.1.10

Полный текст статьи

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В обзоре проанализированы и систематизированы актуальные сведения о молекулярных механизмах развития расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС). Доказаны полиэтиологичность и многофакторность РАС. Осуществлена попытка совместного рассмотрения и систематизации современных гипотез патогенеза РАС на молекулярном уровне с позиции аберрантной пластичности головного мозга. Подробно рассмотрен механизм формирования глутаматной эксайтотоксичности, влияния на формирование РАС дисбаланса нейроактивных аминокислот и их производных, нейромедиаторов и гормонов. Проанализированы преимущества и недостатки предложенных гипотез с позиции доказательной медицины. Сделано заключение о ведущей роли глутаматной эксайто­токсичности как биохимического механизма аберрантной нейропластичности, сопровождающейся развитием окислительного стресса и митохондриальной дисфункцией. Прослежен механизм аберрантной нейропластичности в критические моменты развития нервной системы с учетом воздействия различных факторов внутренней и внешней среды. Рассмотрены новые подходы к поиску молекулярных маркеров РАС.

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