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Иммунологические подходы к лечению новой коронавирусной инфекции (обзор)

Иммунологические подходы к лечению новой коронавирусной инфекции (обзор)

Н.А. Любавина, С.Г. Сальцев, Н.В. Меньков, Л.В. Тюрикова, С.С. Пластинина, М.Л. Шония, А.А. Туличев, М.Ю. Милютина, Е.В. Макарова
Ключевые слова: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; коронавирусная инфекция; пневмония; повреждение легких; цитокиновый шторм; иммунный ответ; вакцинопрофилактика.
2021, том 13, номер 3, стр. 81.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2021.13.3.09

Полный текст статьи

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Пандемия новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19), вызванной вирусом SARS-CoV-2, охватила абсолютное большинство стран мира. Ежедневно появляется большой объем информации, которая требует осмысления и систематизации. Одно из важ­ных направлений исследований — изучение иммунологических аспектов взаимодействия вируса и макроорганизма, понимание которых необходимо для разработки средств эффективного лечения и профилактики COVID-19.

В обзоре проанализированы знания о путях вирусной инвазии и эвазии, механизмах развития цитокинового шторма, эндотелиального повреждения и гиперкоагуляции, связанных с инфекцией SARS-CoV-2. Приняты во внимание фундаментальные и клинические данные, полученные в ходе предыдущих эпидемий SARS и MERS. Обсуждаются возможные терапевтические подходы, основанные на исследовании механизмов формирования иммунного ответа и регуляции функции клеток системы крови, а также изучении снижения избыточного иммунного ответа. Рассмотрены подходы к интерферонотерапии, противовоспалительной терапии, антицитокиновой терапии, применению нейтрализующих антител, плазмы реконвалесцентов, мезенхимальных стволовых клеток, а также к вакцинопрофилактике.

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