Технологии виртуальной реальности в реабилитации участников боевых действий с посттравматическим стрессовым расстройством (обзор)

Посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство (ПТСР) — это психическое и поведенческое расстройство, развившееся после травмирующего события, такого как участие в боевых действиях. Объективная диагностика боевого ПТСР и эффективная реабилитация ветеранов войн — актуальная многоплановая проблема, связанная с особенно высокими социальными расходами. Настоящий обзор имеет целью оценить возможности применения технологии виртуальной реальности в качестве инструмента экспозиционной терапии (VRET) для реабилитации ветеранов и участников боевых действий с ПТСР.

Обзор написан в соответствии с рекомендациями по предпочтительным элементам отчетности для систематических обзоров и метаанализов (PRISMA). В окончательный анализ включено 75 статей, опубликованных за 2017–2022 гг.

Рассмотрены механизмы лечебного эффекта VRET, протоколы и сценарии VRET в сочетании с другими методами воздействия для терапии ПТСР, такими как фармакотерапия, мультимодальная многомодульная десенсибилизация и реконсолидация памяти с помощью движений (3MDR), транскраниальная магнитная стимуляция. Обоснована необходимость психофизиологических измерений для объективизации клинических критериев ПТСР и его динамики в ходе лечения. Показано, что включение VRET в комплекс методов реабилитации ПТСР положительно сказывается на результатах за счет эффекта присутствия и большей персонализации опыта. Таким образом, VRET может быть эффективной контролируемой и экономически доступной альтернативой для лечения ПТСР у участников боевых действий, в том числе резистентных к традиционной терапии.

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