Персонифицированное лечение глиом головного мозга: таргетная терапия, пациент-специфические опухолевые модели (обзор)

Глиомы являются наиболее распространенным типом первичных злокачественных опухолей головного мозга. На протяжении многих лет выбор методов лечения этих опухолей достаточно ограничен, а результаты терапии в целом остаются неудовлетворительными. В последнее время в лечении многих форм рака существенным прорывом стало внедрение персонифицированной таргетной терапии, подавляющей опухолевый рост путем воздействия на определенную молекулярную мишень. Другим набирающим популярность в области онкологии направлением является создание пациент-специфических опухолевых моделей, с помощью которых возможно проведение лекарственного скрининга для подбора оптимальной терапевтической схемы.

Рассмотрены молекулярно-генетические механизмы роста глиом головного мозга, отдельные элементы которых могут служить мишенями для таргетного воздействия лекарственных препаратов. Результаты проведенного анализа литературы показывают более высокую эффективность персонифицированного подхода к лечению отдельных пациентов по сравнению с применением стандартных методов терапии. Однако остается много нерешенных вопросов в области прогнозирования эффективности применения конкретной схемы лекарственный терапии. Основные надежды при решении этой задачи возлагаются на применение пациент-специфических опухолевых моделей, с помощью которых возможно проведение одномоментного тестирования широкого спектра противоопухолевых препаратов.

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