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РНК-секвенирование и пространственная транскриптомика при травме спинного мозга (обзор)

РНК-секвенирование и пространственная транскриптомика при травме спинного мозга (обзор)

Ю.А. Челышев, И.Л. Ермолин
Ключевые слова: травма спинного мозга; РНК-секвенирование; пространственная транскриптомика.
2023, том 15, номер 6, стр. 75.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2023.15.6.08

Полный текст статьи

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Для понимания фундаментальных механизмов функционирования спинного мозга необходимо выявить полный набор клеточных типов и образуемых ими популяций, которые могут быть идентифицированы по уникальному сочетанию признаков. Технологии секвенирования РНК отдельной клетки и отдельного клеточного ядра служат эффективными инструментами для определения роли клеток разных типов в нормальных и патологических реакциях в спинном мозге. Пространственная транскриптомика сочетает эти технологии с методами получения и сохранения пространственной информации о клетках в ткани, что позволяет более точно локализовать область повреждения, детально охарактеризовать тканевые компартменты в конкретной анатомической области и анализировать патологическую картину на клеточном и молекулярном уровне.

Созданные на основе данных РНК-секвенирования отдельной клетки и отдельного клеточного ядра атласы развития технологий РНК-секвенирования и пространственной транскриптомики открывают большие возможности для формулирования новых перспективных концепций, касающихся механизмов реорганизации нейронных связей и восстановления сенсомоторных функций при травме спинного мозга. Полученные транскриптомы явились мощным ресурсом для выяснения новых функций клеток нервной ткани. С целью установления терапевтических мишеней выявляемое молекулярное разнообразие в нейронах разных типов позволяет отслеживать и сравнивать их уязвимость и регенераторный потенциал. Для выяснения причин селективной уязвимости клеток при травме спинного мозга важно располагать детальной информацией о специфике клеточных популяций у человека в сопоставлении с известными данными, полученными на экспериментальных моделях.

В предлагаемом обзоре обобщены достижения по идентификации и изучению характеристик клеток в травмированном спинном мозге на основе транскрипционного профилирования на уровне отдельной клетки или отдельного клеточного ядра.

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