Нейрогенетика функциональной коннективности мозга: современные подходы к изучению (обзор)

Благодаря развитию техник нейровизуализации выделен ряд функциональных сетей мозга, связанных как с конкретными функциями, так и с состоянием относительного бездействия. Накоплено достаточно информации об изменениях коннективности (связей между областями мозга) при психопатологиях, например депрессии, шизофрении, аутизме. Ведутся активные исследования их генетических маркеров, для чего используется поиск генов-кандидатов, а также полногеномный поиск генетических ассоциаций. При этом данных, рассматривающих коннективность как промежуточное звено в цепочке генотип–патология, не так много, хотя она представляется надежным эндофенотипом, поскольку демонстрирует высокую стабильность и высокую наследуемость. В данном обзоре рассматриваются результаты исследований, посвященных поиску биомаркеров, молекулярно-генетических ассоциаций функциональной, а также частично анатомической и эффективной коннективности. Описаны основные подходы к оценке нейрогенетики коннективности, а также конкретные генетические варианты, для которых была обнаружена связь с коннективностью мозга при психических патологиях.

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