Потенциал терапевтического применения спектроскопии в ближней инфракрасной области после инсульта (обзор)

Разработка новых технологий для реабилитации пациентов после инсульта остается важной задачей ряда междисциплинарных наук. Спектроскопия в ближней инфракрасной области (БИКС) — оптический метод нейровизуализации, основанный на регистрации локальных изменений гемодинамики на уровне коры головного мозга. Данная технология используется у пациентов после инсульта, как правило, для диагностических целей: оценки нейропластических процессов на фоне терапии, изучения межполушарной асимметрии и функциональных сетей мозга. Однако функциональная БИКС может применяться и в терапевтических целях: для предъявления биологической обратной связи во время реабилитационных заданий, а также как метод навигации при проведении терапевтической транскраниальной стимуляции. Эффекты терапевтического применения БИКС после инсульта мало изучены, хотя существуют научные предпосылки для развития данной технологии в качестве терапевтического инструмента.

Обзор посвящен анализу опубликованных данных о терапевтическом применении БИКС после инсульта для определения возможного места данной технологии в реабилитационном процессе. Описаны особенности, преимущества и недостатки технологии БИКС, определяющие ее место среди других технологий нейровизуализации; проанализированы результаты нейрофизиологических исследований, которые послужили обоснованием для проведения клинических испытаний технологии БИКС; оценены результаты исследований терапевтического применения БИКС у пациентов после инсульта. Предложено два направления применения БИКС с терапевтической целью после инсульта: для предъявления обратной связи во время двигательных тренировок (моторных или идеомоторных, в том числе в контуре интерфейса мозг–компьютер) и для навигации при транскраниальной стимуляции.

На основе проведенного литературного анализа предложены и обоснованы дальнейшие направления исследований и разработок в данной области.

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