Modern Approaches to the Problem of Body Weight Regulation (Review)

The review is concerned with the systematization and description of new discoveries, as well as the analysis of experimental and clinical findings in the field of body weight control and methods of obesity control as the basic element of the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. Protein-peptide hormones responsible for body weight control are presented in accordance with their production sites (adipose tissue hormones, neurohormones, gastrointestinal hormones) and the character of their regulatory effect (orexins, anorexins, adipocyte proliferation and differentiation regulators, decouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, etc). Recently, in addition to new hormones discovered, cell receptors have been isolated from them and thoroughly studied.

The review represents new data on synergism and antagonism of hormones, their binding to specific cell receptors of target tissues. The mechanism of regulatory signal transmission with some messengers (5’-AMP) or with tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of intracellular proteins has been shown experimentally for some of these hormones.

The review demonstrates the capabilities of activation and blocking of the expression of some genes as a prospective way of a directed impact on the regulatory systems of body weight control. We have suggested that there appeared new possibilities for revealing individual genetic causes of body weight disorders and the development of new principles of their correction by gene therapy.

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Zagoskin P.P., Zagoskina I.P., Savelieva N.А., Lyalyaev V.А. Modern Approaches to the Problem of Body Weight Regulation (Review). Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 2014; 6(3): 104