Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Cerebral Endothelium Development and Repair (Review)

The review covers the current concepts on the role of endothelial cells in the blood-brain barrier development and repair. The authors have characterized cerebral endothelial cells within a neurovascular unit, and endothelial progenitor cells, their development and migration to the brain, as well as molecular mechanisms of barriergenesis with a special focus on the modulation of intercellular communications. The review contains the analysis of application of endothelial progenitor cells of different origin in in vitro blood-brain barrier models. HIF-1-controlled regulation mechanisms of the regulation of functional activity of endothelial cells, angiogenesis, astrocyte-endothelial interactions, and cell metabolism within a neurovascular unit has been discussed. The authors have analyzed possible contribution mechanisms of these processes in endothelial dysfunction development as one of the pathogenetic components of neurodevelopmental disorders, ischemic brain injury, or neurodegeneration associated with alterations in key metabolic and transport processes, secretion of regulatory molecules, cell-to-cell communication in cerebral endothelial cells, as well as with endothelial cell death and the loss of structural and functional integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Deciphering the cellular and molecular mechanisms of barriergenesis in brain development, and its recovery after damage will provide new opportunities for pharmacotherapy of central nervous system disorders due to endothelial dysfunction.

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