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Embryogenesis and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disk (Review)

Embryogenesis and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disk (Review)

Stepanov I.A., Bardonova L.А., Belykh Y.G., Byvaltsev V.А.
Key words: intervertebral disc degeneration; nucleus pulpous; annulus fibrosus; extracellular matrix; aggrecan; models of disc degeneration; embryogenesis; intracellular signal pathways.
2017, volume 9, issue 3, page 151.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2017.9.3.19

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Degenerative processes of the intervertebral disc are shown to represent a diversity of molecular, cellular, structural, and functional alterations, the main clinical manifestation of which is pain syndrome. On this basis, therapy of intervertebral disc degeneration is directed to pain elimination and does not take into consideration real causes of degenerative process development, does not study the feasibility of regenerating the structure and biomechanical function of the disc. A new approach to the study of molecular and cellular mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration, examination of the disc degenerative process pathogenesis from the standpoint of its ontogenetic development allows discovery of new links of pathogenesis and suggestion of new promising ways of therapeutic intervention. The developed models of intervertebral disc degeneration, which make it possible to explore comprehensively morphogenesis and associated intracellular signal pathways, as well as early postnatal alterations in the discs, are considered here. Current strategies of biological therapy of degenerative processes, which are directed to the activation of regenerative potentials in the disc and in its self-renewal, are presented. One of the perspective methods of biological therapy of this disease is application of autologous intervertebral disc cells cultured in vitro with their subsequent transplantation, which can potentially compensate for cell deficiency and, consequently, disc matrix as well.

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