Эмбриогенез и регенерация межпозвонкового диска (обзор)

Показано, что дегенеративные процессы межпозвонкового диска представляют собой целый ряд молекулярных, клеточных, структурных и функциональных изменений, основным клиническим проявлением которых является болевой синдром. На этом основании традиционная терапия дегенерации межпозвонкового диска направлена на устранение боли и не учитывает истинных причин развития дегенеративных процессов, не исследует возможности дальнейшего восстановления структуры и биомеханической функции диска. Новый подход к изучению молекулярных и клеточных механизмов дегенерации межпозвонкового диска, рассмотрение патогенеза дегенеративных процессов диска с позиций его развития в онтогенезе позволяют открыть новые звенья патогенеза и предложить новые перспективные методы терапевтического воздействия.

Рассмотрены разработанные модели дегенерации межпозвонковых дисков, которые позволяют комплексно изучать морфогенез и связанные с ним внутриклеточные сигнальные пути, а также ранние постнатальные изменения в диске. Представлены современные стратегии биологической терапии дегенеративных процессов, которые направлены на активацию регенераторных потенциалов в диске и его самообновление. Одним из перспективных методов биологической терапии данного заболевания названо использование аутологичных культивированных in vitro клеток межпозвонковых дисков с последующей их имплантацией, что потенциально может восполнить дефицит клеток, а следовательно, и матрикса диска.

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