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Исследование температурозависимых молекулярных механизмов развития инфекций — ключ к созданию современных профилактических средств (обзор)

Исследование температурозависимых молекулярных механизмов развития инфекций — ключ к созданию современных профилактических средств (обзор)

Б.Г. Андрюков, Л.М. Сомова, Н.Ф. Тимченко
Ключевые слова: бактерии; липополисахариды; TLR4; Yersinia spp.; иммуногенность; создание вакцины.
2016, том 8, номер 3, стр. 137.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2016.8.3.16

Полный текст статьи

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Открытия в молекулярной биологии, сделанные в последние десятилетия, позволили определить ключевую роль Toll-подобных рецепторов (TLRs) в инициации врожденного и приобретенного иммунитета, в патогенезе воспалительных и аутоиммунных реакций. Возрастание клинического значения инфекций, ассоциированных с грамотрицательной флорой, и своеобразие структуры их клеточной мембраны обусловили выбор цели данного обзора — обобщение современных представлений о молекулярных механизмах развития инфекций, вызванных данной категорией микроорганизмов. В качестве актуальной модели для реализации этих молекулярных стратегий авторы рассматривают температурозависимые вариации иммуногенности патогенных видов бактерий рода Yersinia в зависимости от количества и типов ацильных групп липида А липополисахарида внешней мембраны, что оказывает модулирующее влияние на чувствительность рецептора TLR4, регулирующего иммунный ответ организма при инфекциях, которые вызваны грамотрицательными бактериями. Результаты многочисленных исследований молекулярных механизмов развития иерсиниозов и других инфекций позволили установить, что паттерны патоген-ассоциированных молекул грамотрицательных бактерий при взаимодействии с распознающими рецепторами передают множественные сигналы на клетки иммунной системы и, следовательно, могут быть использованы как природные, естественные адъюванты, активирующие адаптивный иммунный ответ организма. Эти низкомолекулярные природные адъюванты, напоминающие молекулярные компоненты липополисахарида, в настоящее время рационально использовать для конструирования современных вакцин, призванных активировать работу врожденной иммунной системы и индуцировать производство медиаторов воспаления.

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