Синтетические катиноны и каннабиноиды — новые психоактивные вещества (обзор)

Новые психоактивные вещества, или дизайнерские наркотики, в настоящее время представляют собой большую группу веществ преимущественно синтетического происхождения, которые разрабатываются и попадают в теневой оборот в обход действующего законодательства. Высокая популярность этих веществ среди молодежи обусловлена доступностью приобретения, низкой стоимостью и предполагаемой безопасностью по сравнению с классическими наркотиками. Но, как показывает практика, возникающие при употреблении данных препаратов отравления опасны для жизни.

В настоящий момент практически отсутствует систематизированная информация о классах этих веществ, а также клинических проявлениях отравлений, связанных с их употреблением, в связи с определенными трудностями диагностики. Рассмотрены основные группы новых психоактивных веществ (синтетические катиноны и каннабиноиды, производные пиперазина, аминоинданы), находящихся в теневом обороте. Выделены главные механизмы их воздействия на организм человека, описаны основные проявления их употребления.

При написании обзора были использованы данные специализированных медицинских центров по оказанию токсикологической помощи, а также информация, полученная от потребителей.

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