Биоинженерные конструкции на основе фиброина шелка и спидроина для регенеративной медицины и тканевой инженерии (обзор)

Представлены данные о современных разработках биоинженерных конструкций из двух уникальных биополимеров: основного белка шелка шелкопрядов (фиброина) и каркасного шелка паутины (спидроина) — и их использовании в регенеративной медицине и тканевой инженерии. Оба биополимера обладают такими важными свойствами, как биосовместимость, биодеградируемость, высокая прочность и эластичность. Доступность коконов шелкопряда в природе и отлаженные методы очистки фиброина делают этот белок весьма перспективным для применения в составе биоинженерных конструкций. Белок паутины менее распространен в природе, однако разработка альтернативных методов его получения позволяет считать спидроин многообещающим биополимером.

Рассмотрены структура и свойства фиброина шелка и спидроина, их преимущества по сравнению с другими полимерами как природного, так и синтетического происхождения, технологии изготовления биополимерных конструкций. Показано, что фиброин шелка и спидроин применяют для создания трехмерных матриксов, способствующих восстановлению поврежденных органов и тканей, биодеградируемых носителей клеток и лекарственных препаратов.

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