Органогенез кожи и дисморфогенетические основы патогенеза ее заболеваний (обзор)

Изучение гистогенеза эпидермиса и дермы, в том числе и его эпигенетической регуляции — активно развивающаяся область гистологии и эмбриологии, поскольку позволяет прояснить механизмы патогенеза ряда заболеваний кожи с неизвестной этиологией.

Wnt-сигналинг является ключевым регулятором основных морфогенетических процессов — пролиферации и дифференцировки клеток кожи. Трансдукция Wnt-сигналинга осуществляется каноническими и неканоническими путями. Нарушения Wnt-сигналинга в пренатальном и постнатальном развитии приводят к различным заболеваниям кожи и волос как дегенеративного, так и опухолевого характера.

Особенностью нарушений эпигенетической регуляции органогенеза кожи во внутриутробном периоде может быть отдаленность их клинических проявлений в постнатальном развитии.

Важной задачей является выявление факторов, нарушающих регуляцию морфогенетических процессов. Доказана роль активации иммунной системы матери в ранние сроки беременности в развитии транзиторной алопеции потомства у мышей. Установлена связь между нарушениями гистогенеза эпидермиса и дермы и алопецией. Показана возможность формирования регионарных дисморфогенетических изменений, что указывает на необходимость изучения темпов и особенностей развития кожи различных частей тела.

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