Фенотипическая пластичность бактерий как стратегия резистентности и объект современных антимикробных технологий (обзор)

Приспособление (адаптация) к непрерывно меняющимся условиям среды обитания — одно из важнейших свойств микроорганизмов. Особенно эффективной формой адаптации является фенотипическая пластичность. Эта способность позволяет одинаковым по генотипу бактериям в ответ на воздействия внешней среды создавать различные фенотипы. Такая изменчивость не является наследуемой, однако имеет ключевое значение в сохранении популяции бактерий и лежит в основе стратегий развития их резистентности к антибиотикам. Изучение форм и механизмов фенотипической пластичности, обеспечивающих устойчивость микроорганизмов к традиционной антибиотикотерапии, — ведущее направление создания современных антимикробных технологий. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрена фенотипическая пластичность как стратегия выживания и способ формирования антибиотикорезистентности у дормантных (устойчивых) клеточных форм бактерий. Показано, что исследование фенотипических вариантов адаптационных стратегий бактерий (L-форм; жизнеспособных, но некультивируемых бактерий; клеток-персистеров) открывает широкие перспективы для разработки новых антимикробных технологий вследствие их лекарственной устойчивости.

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Andryukov B.G., Somova L.M., Matosova E.V., Lyapun I.N. Phenotypic Plasticity as a Strategy of Bacterial Resistance and an Object of Advanced Antimicrobial Technologies (Review). Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 2019; 11(2): 164, https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2019.11.2.22