Эндокринные дисрапторы — новый этиологический фактор заболеваний костной ткани (обзор)

В настоящее время болезни костей и суставов занимают третье место после сердечно-сосудистых и онкологических патологий, что диктует необходимость поиска новых этиологических факторов и патогенетических механизмов этих заболеваний. Накапливающаяся информация показывает связь между нарушениями развития и регенерации костной ткани и воздействием эндокринных дисрапторов.

Эндокринные дисрапторы — химические вещества, в основном антропогенного происхождения, способные оказывать влияние на функционирование эндокринной системы и нарушать морфогенез органов и физиологические функции. Развитие и регенерация костных тканей имеют сложную гормональную регуляцию, а следовательно, клетки костной ткани — остеобласты и остеокласты — могут рассматриваться как потенциальные мишени для эндокринных дисрапторов. Установлено, что эндокринные дисрапторы способны нарушать метаболизм кальция, что также вносит вклад в развитие патологий опорно-двигательного аппарата.

Приведены данные о гистогенезе костной ткани и регенерации, об обмене кальция, а также о гормональной регуляции процессов роста и ремоделирования костей. Обобщены появившиеся в последние годы сведения о влиянии основных классов эндокринных дисрапторов (диэтилстильбэстрола, хлорорганических пестицидов, алкилфенолов, бисфенола А, диоксинов, полихлорированных дифенилов и эфиров фталевой кислоты) на развитие и ремоделирование костных тканей и метаболизм кальция. Рассмотрены установленные физиологические и молекулярные механизмы их действия.

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