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Исследование неосновных хромофоров биотканей методом оптической диффузионной спектроскопии (обзор)

Исследование неосновных хромофоров биотканей методом оптической диффузионной спектроскопии (обзор)

К.А. Былинская, В.В. Перекатова, И.В. Турчин
Ключевые слова: оптическая диффузионная спектроскопия; спектроскопия диффузного отражения; хромофоры; оптика био­тканей; оксигенация; метгемоглобин; карбоксигемоглобин; миоглобин; цитохромы; цитохромоксидаза.
2025, том 17, номер 1, стр. 146.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2025.17.1.12

Полный текст статьи

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Оптическая диффузионная спектроскопия (ОДС) — быстро развивающийся неинвазивный метод оптической диагностики тканей, в основе которого лежит зондирование объекта исследования оптическим излучением видимого и(или) ближнего инфракрасного диапазона длин волн и регистрация диффузно-рассеянного тканью света. Из полученного с помощью ОДС сигнала можно извлечь обширную информацию о биохимическом составе тканей благодаря наличию в них поглощающих свет соединений — хромофоров. На сегодняшний день ОДС широко применяется для регистрации основных хромофоров, таких как дезоксигенированный (Hb) и оксигенированный (HbO2) гемоглобин, вода, липиды и меланин. Содержание Hb и HbO2 в биотканяхпредставляет большой интерес для клинических исследований, так как с их помощью можно оценить оксигенацию и выявить гипоксию. Однако также в биотканях присутствуют менее освещенные в литературе хромофоры — неосновные, которые тоже вносят вклад в спектр поглощения: различные глобины (метгемоглобин, карбоксигемоглобин, миоглобин и др.), а также цитохромы и цитохром-c-оксидаза. Регистрация неосновных хромофоров с помощью ОДС затруднена тем, что их вклад в поглощение существенно ниже основных поглотителей, а их парциальные спектры слабо изучены. Однако совместный мониторинг основных и неосновных хромофоров позволит одновременно проводить исследование метаболических процессов в сосудистых, внутриклеточных и митохондриальных компартментах тканей и тем самым существенно расширить область применения ОДС. В обзоре проведен анализ литературных источников, содержащих информацию об исследовании неосновных хромофоров био­ткани методом ОДС, рассмотрены основные хромофоры и возможность совместной регистрации основных и неосновных хромофоров методом ОДС.

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