Роль метилирования ДНК в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, приводящих к внезапной сердечной смерти (обзор)

Для определения риска развития внезапного летального исхода задолго до его наступления, в том числе у лиц с бессимптомным течением сердечно-сосудистой патологии, и проведения ранних профилактических мероприятий, способных привести к снижению уровня смертности населения от сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, необходима эффективная система диагностики предрасположенности к развитию внезапной сердечной смерти (ВСС). В связи с этим актуальной проблемой современного здравоохранения является поиск маркеров риска ВСС.

По данным последних исследований, эпигенетические механизмы наследственности, в первую очередь метилирование ДНК, играют важную роль в развитии многих заболеваний. В обзоре представлены результаты последних зарубежных и российских исследований, посвященных поиску связи метилирования ДНК с развитием сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, лежащих в основе ВСС (ИБС, кардиомиопатий, нарушений ритма сердца). Большая часть обзора посвящена изучению метилирования ДНК при ИБС, которая на данный момент является наиболее эпигенетически изученной нозологией. Также уделено внимание исследованиям роли метилирования ДНК в развитии острого коронарного синдрома и инфаркта миокарда, которые имеют схожие механизмы развития с ВСС. Работ по поиску связи метилирования ДНК с кардиомиопатиями и нарушениями ритма сердца проведено немного, однако выявлена ассоциация метилирования некоторых генов с исследуемыми нозологиями. Представлены патогенетические обоснования возможностей использования эпигенетических маркеров сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний в качестве маркеров ВСС.

Таким образом, установлено, что наиболее перспективным в отношении ВСС может стать изучение генов, метилирование которых ассоциировано с ИБС, — CTH, PLCB1, PTX3, MMP9, FN1, F2RL3, ABCB1, FOXP3, GDF15, IL6, CASR, с нарушениями липидного обмена и атеросклерозом, — CETP, CCL2, SREBF2, TIMP1, с нарушениями ритма сердца, — SCN5A и KCNQ1.

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Ivanova А.А., S.V. Maksimova, A.A. Gurazheva Role of DNA Methylation in Development of Cardiovascular Diseases, Resulting in a Sudden Cardiac Death (Review). Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine 2022; 14(1): 83, https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2022.14.1.08